Wired Flashing (DFU / TinyUF2)

This page explains the two common wired flashing methods, covering all models.

Firmware formats

• .hex: AVR boards (ATmega32U4 / AT90USB646 / AT90USB1286) flash via a DFU bootloader.
• .uf2: STM32 boards (STM32F401 / STM32F411 / STM32L412) flash via TinyUF2; copy the file to the mounted USB drive.

Atmel DFU / qmk-dfu (AVR boards)

Applies to F60 rev1, G60, Kamilia, Command65, Command65 PE, Manta AVR PCBs, and Skog Reboot.

1. Download the .hex firmware that matches your PCB.
2. Enter bootloader:
   • Method 1: hold ESC (or the model-specific key) while plugging in USB.
   • Method 2: double-press the RESET tactile switch on the PCB.
   • Method 3: place a RESET key in VIA / Vial and trigger it.
3. Flash with qmk flash or QMK Toolbox.
4. Re-plug and test keys after flashing.

TinyUF2 (STM32 boards)

Applies to F60 rev2 / rev3 / revM / F60w, Manta40 rev2, and Manta40 rev2 Ortho.

1. Download the .uf2 firmware that matches your PCB.
2. Enter bootloader:
   • Method 1: hold ESC while plugging in USB.
   • Method 2: double-press the RESET tactile switch on the PCB.
   • Method 3: place a RESET key in VIA / Vial and trigger it.
3. The keyboard mounts as a USB drive; copy the .uf2 file into it.
4. The keyboard reboots; test input first, then wireless (if applicable).

Before flashing

1. Firmware must exactly match your PCB (see Identify Your Keyboard & PCB).
2. Export your VIA / Vial config (see Backup & Restore).
3. Use a stable cable to avoid interrupted writes.

After flashing

• Verify all keys trigger correctly.
• Verify layer switching.
• Wireless models: additionally test switching and pairing.

Troubleshooting

• Cannot enter bootloader: see Troubleshooting / USB & bootloader.
• Flashing failures: see Firmware Downloads & Flashing.